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Emotions are revealed through facial expressions and the modulation of the tones of the voice. During the stage of infancy, the expression of emotions occurs in an energetic way and occurs without any external cause. They express it in the form of crying and shouting. During the first two months of the infant stage, the baby shows only two emotions: pleasure and displeasure, caused by physical stimulation. The baby shows these emotions through body movements such as relaxing the body to show pleasure and straining the body by waving his arms and kicking his legs while he cries to show displeasure.

By the third month, physical stimulation combined with psychological stimulation allows the baby to express the emotion of pleasure with a smile when it comes into contact with a human face and express displeasure with facial expressions and crying. During childhood, expressions are no longer shown forcefully but with more reasonable means. This is due to factors of language development and also the development of social behavior, which allows the child to understand that it is not correct to show emotions at all times. Developing his mind puts a stop to emotional outbursts. Some common emotions that a child expresses are happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, sympathy, and empathy. Let’s see how these emotions are expressed.

Happiness

Happiness is expressed by the child at first with completely joyful smiles and then with lively or prolific laughter. The child smiles and laughs as he acquires new skills or overcomes an obstacle to achieve a goal. It also shows happiness for the affection and stimulation of caregivers. During the first few weeks the baby smiles when full, with gentle touches and sounds. By the end of the first month, he is smiling at something, let’s say a bright object crossing his field of vision. Social interaction begins within 3 months when the baby smiles when he comes into contact with familiar people, laughter begins around 3 or 4 months when the parent plays with the baby.

At around 6 months, the baby smiles and laughs more at contact with familiar people. Around 10-12 months, the baby’s smile differs based on context, such as a wide cheek raised in response to a parent’s greeting, a reserved smile at a friendly stranger, and a gaping smile while playing a game stimulating. The child is socially well developed when he is 2 years old and his emotional expressions become intentional or intentional. He is happy to answer an adult who assists him during his game with an interesting toy.

Anger

Anger is expressed by newborns when they are hungry, they find any inconvenience in bodily conditions such as temperature change and when they face overstimulation or too little stimulation. The frequency and intensity of anger increases from 4 to 6 months in the second year. They express this emotion in specific situations such as when an interesting object they are playing with is removed from them or when their target is blocked by an obstacle or when the caregiver leaves the seat for a short time or when a toy they are playing with stops work. Anger is intense when the child does not receive the warm behavior expected from the caregiver. Anger is expressed in the form of an outburst of bad mood: the child may hit, kick, cry and scream.

Sadness

Sadness is also expressed in the same situations as that which causes anger. But this emotion is expressed much less frequently than anger.

Fear

Babies between 6 and 12 months express this emotion. They express fear for an animal, when they are left alone, when they meet a stranger, they go to strange places and when they hear a sudden loud noise. Fear is expressed by crying. Children of this period show reluctance to play with a new toy due to fear. Those who have just started crawling show greater fear. The increase in this type of fear after six months represents an obstacle to the exploratory behavior of crawling and walking children. Most infants and young children, however, do not express their fear when interacting with strangers. However, they are still wary of strangers. The child cries in fear when picked up by an unknown adult in a strange environment. This fear can be reduced by the approach of the stranger who picks up the child. He must approach slowly, presenting the child with an attractive toy or playing an interesting game that the child is familiar with.

Love and sympathy

These emotions are expressed by the child primarily to the intimate caregiver, the child’s mother. When the baby sees the mother in her room, she gives a wide, friendly smile. When he is relieved of her, he strokes her face, puts his small gentle hand in her hair and clings to her body. Sympathy is expressed by the baby through the facial expressions the baby learns from the mother’s reaction to a situation.

Empathy

Empathy is an emotion caused by observing and recognizing what is happening to others: feeling bad because someone else is feeling bad.

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